Evidence of Increased Cremation in the Traditional Funeral and Post

Sociology and Durkheim Essay

Sociology and Durkheim Essay Sociology and Durkheim Essay Color of Fear It has been expressed through the views of Marxism that human societies move forward through tension and class struggle. Marx argued that land owners would exploit their workers in order to keep an ongoing cycle of labor. The land owners would limit those allowed to work for them which in turn would create a hostile environment and a need to survive. Those without work would have to find other means to survive for instance through crime or charity in order to keep themselves and their families alive. The tension for survival would rise between both classes and eventually cause a revolution consisting of the landowner versus the laborer or worker, this concept was also known as a shift from Feudalism to Capitalism (Roberts). It was by the theories of Marxism that a history of relations would always be set between the exploiter class (landowners) and the exploited class (the workers). Most of what Marx argues about has been going on since the day exploitation was ever cre ated. These unfortunate events are still seen throughout our world and we can honestly say that it may never be erased from this earth ever. Through my own eyes I have seen this battle countless of times, it has always been my people versus the landowners. Growing up as a kid I would always come home from school to see my grandmother so tired from working under the hot summer sun in the planting fields and greenhouses off the I5 in the city of Encinitas. The beliefs of Marx can be described through the life of many minorities working in the same conditions as my grandmother used to. The owners of the fields would exploit their workers with threats and the use of the fearful word, Immigration. One could not say a word for it was these hard working conditions that kept a scarce meal on the table to be able to stay alive. The landowners would offer work and the laborers would keep quit about the working conditions and the ongoing circle of classes would keep going. Capitalism plays a k ey role in what Marx believed, he has stated that through Capitalism one can not be and individual with their labor and creating something that comes from the mind and hands of ones self. This idea can also be seen with the migrant workers of today, many of us as I did when I was very young, thought that migrants liked working in these fields and conditions but the reality is just the opposite. The workers place themselves in these harsh working conditions not because they enjoy it but because it is the only way to be able to survive and keep some sort of income coming in. Armed with his Enlightenment ideology, Durkheim made the point that sociology would study the social life using scientific methods (Roberts). Through his work he created a phenomena known as social facts: â€Å"manners of acting, thinking, and feeling external to the individual, which are vested with coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him (sic).† what Durkheim meant by his stateme nt was that humans have a certain way of thinking, feeling and acting. These types of feelings and actions had said, by Durkheim, to be seen even way before we are even born and after we die these emotions and feelings keep on living on after as well (Roberts). We use these emotions that Durkheim described, but it is stated in his work that it is not until after we learn these concepts through socialization into an already existing culture (Roberts). Durkheim also had many other theories that branched out form what I have previously stated some of his other work used the notion of feelings, emotions and norms of life to answer the question of why society stays together and not cause chaos and anarchy. This theory that Durkheim had was known, by him, as mechanical solidarity. His work states that this form of solidarity had developed way before its time and seen through people of tribes and villages (Roberts). According to Durkheim what keeps society together was similarity. Similar values in

The American Involvement in the Politics of Middle East Essay

The American Involvement in the Politics of Middle East - Essay Example When Bush declared war on Iraq, experts say he was supporting the Jews. He wanted to assist the Israelites. High-ranking officials in Bush's administration were Jews. The officials took part in making the decision to invade Iraq. Iraq was Israel's chief enemy. They proved to be high economic competitors to Israel. It affected the economy of Israel because of these economic competitions. The war was like an activity of saving Israel . Saddam Hussein was not a major threat to America. He posed only a risk of launching a nuclear attack towards Israel. America did a wrong thing in capturing and executing Saddam. Bush wanted to prove that his administration was supporting the growth of Israel. He supported every action that Israel Prime Minister, Sharon, wanted to do. In many of his speeches, Bush reinstated his wish of a strong bond between the Jews and Americans. US had an opinion that the security of the world depends on the security of Israel. The US had strategic plans to fight terro rism in the Middle East, which posed a threat to Israel. Terrorism was a global menace. US viewed Israel as a strategic country to fight terror in Middle East. The Jewish state had planned war on Iraq long time ago. It all began in 1996 when Israel's government planned an attack on Iraq. The government of Israel put the strategy into a paper, and the respective authors of the document later became influential figures in Bush administration.US foreign policy is another issue that contributed significantly to the learning of the course.

How Society was Developed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Society was Developed - Essay Example The norms can vary from one society to the other. When we were born, we found the society following the laws and it is our mandate to follow these laws. Therefore, we can ask ourselves how the society was formed from the ancient times until we are not following the suit. Most of our ancient leaders like Plato and Confucius can help us understand how the societies were developed. Some other leaders also like Moses and Hammurabi can help us in explaining how the laws were made until people in the society will adhere to them. Views from these prominent leaders therefore, will help us understand how the society was developed. Since the society cannot progress without some stated laws, the leaders’ views will also help us in determining how the laws were used to govern people in the society. According to Plato and Confucius, there were many factors that helped in creation of the society. These two well-known scholars had similar opinions on how the society was formed. On the other hand, the two leaders also had different opinions on the same issue on creation of the society. Similarities in their opinions were because they both had same occupation, teachers, in their lifetime. The differences might have been caused by the different backgrounds in which each of the leaders was brought up in (Wolf, 2005). Confucius is one the well-known Chinese philosophers in history. He was both an educator and a philosopher (Wolf, 2005). Through his education, he was able to influence many people and students in the East Asia. His teachings were very influential more especially to his students. He taught for most of his lifetime. His family was very poor and his father died when he was just 3 years old. He also lost his mother when he was seventeen. Due to her poor background, he was not able to support himself in terms of education. He was forced to have private education. These challenges made him work harder in order to achieve his goals in education. He familiarized hims elf with reading, writing, music and art. Later, his life changed when he was employed as a teacher. On the other, Plato was born into a well-established family. His parents were related to the sixth century kings. He did have to struggle in life Confucius. He spent most of his time teaching in his academy. He taught the youth on matters concerning society ethics and government control. However, these two philosophers have some views on the way the societies were developed during the World Civilization of 1500 (Wolf, 2005). They have similar belief on how societies were developed in the ancient times. They both believed that, for a society to be developed, superior leaders must come together. These two leaders must possess superior wisdom and virtue. Plato and Confucius challenges Hammurabi’s idea of using law to develop a society. They claim that these laws create greed in the society instead of creating harmony. They believe in harmony and peace in the society. They argue t hat moral truth is practiced by everyone in the society. They discourage the self-government form of society because their main focus is on the individuality. Both Confucius and Plato believed that intelligence and virtue are the most important factors that can be used in developing the society. From Confucius point of view, he argues that anyone who has gone to school and has gained some knowledge has the chance of ruling the society. From Plato’s view, he said that not everyone who was educated was able to rule the society. He

Law of Equity & Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of Equity & Trust - Essay Example The new principles of equity are now in force since previous ones are old dated. The achievement of equity is the birth of Trust1. As far as the application of Trust Law is concerned, it should repose trust and confidence in some other person to manage his or her affairs. The law of equity manages relationships and trust provides modalities to handle a number of situations, family relationships, charities, pension funds etc2. Cardinal Principle According to the law of equity, a trust is legally enforceable by the beneficiaries against the trustees provided it is created with high degree of intention; certainty of subject as well as object (the case of Knight V Knight (1840)3can be referred here. Three elements in a trust are mandatory a) certainty of intention, which ensures that the duty of a trustee or trustees is clearly defined, the way intended by the testator. It differentiates transfer through trust instead of absolute gift. The second mandatory requirement is the certainty of subject matter (refers Palmer v Simmonds (1854)4 and the allowable beneficial interests (refers Boyce v Boyce (1849)5, Re Challoner Club Ltd (1997)6 and Margulies v Margulies (2000)7) are competent of being certain. This ensures precise scope of trustee’s Dr678uties under a trust. ... Street to be held on trust for my children and further that he shall receive a reasonable part of the profit in relation to the redevelopment of Lister Heights. The disposition in the will of Junaid is clear in terms of intended trust. It is true that the word ‘trust’ does not mean an imposition of trust in law (Tito v Waddell (No 2) (1977)9 may please be referred); there is secondary option in this respect. The subject matter is certain, assuming that Junaid likewise, the subject matter of the trust is certain, always assuming that the assets are in existence. Hence, there is no difficulty to confer interest given to the indentified persons in the will accordingly. The disposition will be operational under the Trust of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 199610. Here in this case, Philip is the best friend of testator, whom Junaid had given the rights to possess the commercial property at 22 and 24 at Shipley Street to take care of the interest of his children. First, it is necessary to determine the nature of the trust affecting the two houses as this will help determine whether there is certainty of objects of the reversionary class. Please keep this in mind that the trustees have no authority to apportion the property held in trust amongst the children. However, it may divide it equally amongst the children in accordance with the disposition of will. Take the example of IRC v Broadway Cottages Trust (1955)11. The court of law focuses on the validity or invalidity of the duties as enumerated in the trust. The religion of a person does not matter in deciding the issue whether he or she be a sectarian in terms of catholic or protestant religion in his or her beliefs. The court while deciding the cases of trust will have to abide by the laws and the condition

Southern Chesapeake and Northern New England Colonies

Southern Chesapeake and Northern New England Colonies   Cody Palladino The Colonial Paper During the end of the 16th century into the 17th century, European nations briskly colonized the freshly discovered Americas. One country we know of today as England back then sent out massive amounts of groups to the North Americas, this was then separated into two regions known as new England and Chesapeake areas. Later in the 1700s the new England and Chesapeake areas would unite to become a single nation. From the very begging these two areas had many different ways of settling but struggled in similar ways. This essay will go through and explain what there many different methods were and also compare the historic process of settlement and developments were. These similarities and differences that is going to be talked about during this essay is the very reason why the settlers came to the new world such as for land, labor and religion. The colonies were affected in many ways including socially, economically, and politically. The northern New England colonies and the Southern Chesapeake colonies had very different way of settling one of the differences were the land that they had settled on. For the Chesapeake colony, their major interest was in large lands that covered a vast area, including Plymouth, Massachusetts bay, Rhode Island and many more. These areas were in which the Chesapeake were mainly interested in. For the New England settlers were interested in mining mainly of gold and silver. They had hoped that in finding these riches that it would help them in their trading actives. The Chesapeake wanted to find a passage to northwest Asia so it would promote better trading. They were also on a hunt to find a cure for the disease syphilis on the mission in the land. Anything that the Chesapeake found meaningful and possible valuable on the land they would gather and put up for trade in Europe. For the New England settler, they had  a different approach for settling of the land. There concerns were for the artisan industries which included printing, carpentry and shipbuilding. As for their concerns, they wanted to find material on the land in which could help them develop the artisan industry better. They also had some similarities when they settled on their land. First when both the Northern New England and the Southern Chesapeake colonies had settled and their land they were both populated by the English, this also meant that both colonies had counited to retain dominance in English culture. Another way they both colonies struggled in similar ways were due to the Powhatan Indians in the book Visions Of America a History of the United States by Jennifer D. Keene she states once the Indians realized that the English were not temporary visitors merely interested in trade, but were intending to settle permanently in the region, relations between the two peoples deteriorated(36). Both colonies faced conflict with Native Americans in their areas leading to the Pequot war for New E ngland colony and the Powhatan Confederacy fot the Southern Chesapeake colony. Labor was also a major mission for both the New England and Chesapeake settlers in America. For the Southern Chesapeake region, their land was merely all swampy and not good conditions at all for growing crops. But five years later after settling they caught on to the discovery of tobacco. This crop did extremely well in the condition of their land and flourished in the swamp lands. They used cheap labor in the crop fields, they also made and new type of work service where if and person wanted a free passage to America than they offered them to work for them for free for about five or so years and after your term is complete than you got a bonus of usually a 50-acre plot of land which they could use to produce their own crop usually tobacco. For the New England colony, their region did not consist of huge farm lands, most settlers of New England mainly relied on moderately small farms and also other types of industry  work for example printing and carpentry. Since the New England c olony were a home based industry they had no need to hire labor because the family was usually sufficient enough to provide the labor needed to complete the work. As a contrasting point the New England colony does not care for slavery being developed as such for the Chesapeake region they relied heavily on the people who wanted a free passage to America and slavery from the Spaniards and later form African Americans. Both the colonies also brought groups of people from all over England in spite for a better life in the North Americas. Religion was also another difference among the Northern New England and Sothern Chesapeake area, but there was also some similarities with religion as well between the two colonies. For the New England settlers, there religion was mainly composed of puritan separatists in which they were seeking religious freedom. The church of England did split from Catholicism the main religion at the time of Henry VIII. This resulted the major religion to be Protestantism. For the Chesapeake region in the book Visions Of America a History of the United States by Keene she states although he envisioned his colony as a haven for catholic, Calvert knew that its economic success depended on attracting laborers, so the colony would need to be equally hospitable to Protestants. Maryland therefore afforded religious freedom to all Christians(41). This basically explains the reason why there was so much religious freedom for the Chesapeake area due to the labors need to farm their land. Most of their simi larity fall under how they did not have one religion no matter how much New England was trying to converge everyone over to a single religion. All in all, the southern Chesapeake colonies and the Northern New England colonies had many different way of settling and running their colony. Both of these colonies also had a similar goal looking for land with better social, economic, and political freedom. As we could see the  differences was in which each colony used their land to grow and have a strong economical stands. Both they ran into some similarities with the Native Americans and also with diseases they and encountered and were trying to cure. Their religion was also noticeable different as well due to one colony wanting no diversity in religion and the other having religious freedom. It can also be noticed that both colonies had similar missions but were opposite in which the land they settled on. Work Cited Keene, Jennifer D., et al. Visions of America: a History of the United States. 3rd ed., vol. 1, Boston, Pearson, 2017.

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendenta

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a movement in writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century. It formed in the early to mid nineteenth century and reached it climax around 1850 during an era commonly referred to as the American Renaissance, America’s Golden Day, or the Flowering of New England. The basic tenets of Transcendentalism involve the relationships between one’s self and the world at large. First, the search for truth in Transcendentalism begins with the individual. The thoughts of Transcendentalist writers must come from themselves and not from others. They could study previous works for inspiration, but they could not take the ideas of others. Transcendentalist writers have complete self-reliance in their ideas. Transcendentalism called for literary, philosophical, and theological independence from Europe, earning the Transcendentalist era the label â€Å"American Renaissance.† Next, Transcendentalism also relates to the rest of the world. It applies individual energies gained through self-reliance to the overall good of society. In Transcendentalism, there is no real evil. For every apparent evil there is a true goodness. Because evil is said not to exist, Transcendentalists believe in the perfectibility of man. One well-known Transcendentalist author is Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in New England in 1803. He entered Harvard Divinity College where he trained to become a priest. However, he later withdrew from the ministry because he did not share the same ideals that were imposed on him by church authority. In 1832, Emerson sailed to Europe to flee the despair he felt after the deaths of his wife and bro... ...using metaphors and rhythms according to his own style. Literature such as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s â€Å"Nature† and Henry David Thoreau’s â€Å"Walden† reflect the tenets of Transcendentalism. They set the foundation for Transcendentalism because Emerson and Thoreau were the â€Å"fathers† of the literary movement. Both writers searched for truth and the meaning of life on an individual level that fit their feelings. They demonstrated the perfectibility and self-reliance of individuals. For example, â€Å"Walden† tells of Thoreau’s two years of living in the woods relying on himself for food and shelter and trying to simplify his life. He wanted to demonstrate that there was no evil in the simplicity of his forest home. Just as Thoreau’s â€Å"Walden† demonstrated Thoreau’s renewal or refreshing of his own spirit, Transcendentalism was the renewal or rebirth of American Literature.